It is a valley-like or concave depression that lies directly beneath the contact point, between the facial and lingual papilla. The central point between the interdental papillae is called the col. The middle or centre part of the interdental papilla is made up of attached gingiva, whereas the borders and tip are formed by the free gingiva. ![]() It is normally triangular or pyramidal in shape and is formed by two interdental papillae (lingual and facial). The interdental gingiva takes up the space beneath a tooth contact point, between two adjacent teeth. ![]() : 80–81 In health it is typically pale pink or coral pink in colour and may present with surface stippling or racial pigmentation. The attached gingiva dissipates functional and masticatory stresses placed on the gingival tissues during common activities such as mastication, tooth brushing and speaking. The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival line or groove and the mucogingival junction. Collagen fibres bind the attached gingiva tightly to the underlying periodontium including the cementum and alveolar bone and vary in length and width, depending on the location in the oral cavity and on the individual. The junctional epithelium provides a specialized protective barrier to microorganisms residing around the gingival sulcus. The junctional epithelium is a collar-like band that lies at the base of the gingival sulcus and surrounds the tooth it demarcates the areas of separation between the free and attached gingiva. The gingival sulcus is lined by a non-keratinised layer called the oral sulcular epithelium it begins at the gingival margin and ends at the base of the sulcus where the junctional epithelium and attached gingiva begins. A non-diseased, healthy gingival sulcus is typically 0.5-3mm in depth, however, this measurement can increase in the presence of periodontal disease. A natural space called the gingival sulcus lies apically to the gingival margin, between the tooth and the free gingiva. In healthy periodontium, the gingival margin is the fibrous tissue that encompasses the cemento-enamel junction, a line around the circumference of the tooth where the enamel surface of the crown meets the outer cementum layer of the root. The tissues that sit above the alveolar bone crest are considered the free gingiva. Each of the gingival groups are considered biologically different however, they are all specifically designed to help protect against mechanical and bacterial destruction. The gingivae are categorized into three anatomical groups: the free, attached and the interdental gingiva. The soft tissues and connective fibres that cover and protect the underlying cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone are known as the gingivae. Normal gingiva may range in color from light coral pink to heavily pigmented. The periodontium is composed largely of the gingival tissue and the supporting bone. The term periodontium is used to describe the group of structures that directly surround, support and protect the teeth. Alveolar crest fibres of periodontal ligament J. The periodontium A diagram of the periodontium. ![]() A periodontist is a dentist that specializes in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease and in the placement of dental implants. ![]() The supporting tissues are known as the periodontium, which includes the gingiva (gums), alveolar bone, cementum, and the periodontal ligament. Periodontology or periodontics (from Ancient Greek περί, perí – 'around' and ὀδούς, odoús – 'tooth', genitive ὀδόντος, odóntos) is the specialty of dentistry that studies supporting structures of teeth, as well as diseases and conditions that affect them.
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